Smallholder farmer resilience to water scarcity

Abstract Water scarcity poses one of the most prominent threats to well-being smallholder farmers around world. We studied association between rural livelihood capitals (natural, human, social, financial, and physical) resilience water scarcity. Resilience was denoted by farmers’ self-reported capacity have avoided, or adapted to, Proxies for were collected from two-hundred in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, their associations with a typology denoting impacts analyzed Taylor-linearized multinomial response model. Physical natural assets form irrigation infrastructure direct access sources saliently associated overall (avoidance adaptation) Years farming experience as human capital asset also strongly Factors solely adapt more nuanced social showing closer associations. A household larger number farm laborers had higher likelihood being unable withstand scarcity, but this relationship reversed among those who managed areas. discuss possible mechanisms that could contributed resilience, how public policy support cope